clang-format should be able to handle this if it knows that time_t is a type name. I’ve opened a pull request that will fix this, provided that you add time_t to the TypeNames option:
$ printf "int\niso_time(time_t);\n" | clang-format -style='{ AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: All, TypeNames: [time_t] }'
int
iso_time(time_t);
$